1. Injini ye-dc ebhulashiwe
Kuma-motor axutshwe ngebhulashi lokhu kwenziwa nge-rotary switch ku-shaft yemoto ebizwa ngokuthi i-commutator. Yakhiwa isilinda noma idiski ejikelezayo ehlukaniswe izingxenye eziningi zokuxhumana zensimbi ku-rotor. Izingxenye zixhunywe kuma-conductor windings ku-rotor. Oxhumana nabo ababili noma ngaphezulu abamile ababizwa ngamabhulashi, abenziwe nge-conductor ethambile njenge-graphite, bacindezela ngokumelene ne-commutator, okwenza ukuxhumana kukagesi okushelelayo kube nezingxenye ezilandelanayo njengoba i-rotor iphenduka. Amabhulashi ahlinzeka ngogesi ngokukhetha kuma-windings. Njengoba i-rotor ijikeleza, i-commutator ikhetha ama-windings ahlukene futhi i-directional current isetshenziswa ku-winding ethile ukuze insimu yamagnetic ye-rotor ihlale ingahambisani kahle ne-stator futhi idale i-torque ohlangothini olulodwa.
2. Injini ye-dc engenamabhulashi
Kuma-motor e-DC angenamabhulashi, uhlelo lwe-servo lwe-elekthronikhi luthatha indawo yokuxhumana kwe-commutator yemishini. Inzwa ye-elekthronikhi ithola i-engeli ye-rotor futhi ilawula ukushintsha kwe-semiconductor njenge-transistors ezishintsha ugesi ngokusebenzisa ama-windings, kungaba ukubuyisela emuva isiqondiso sogesi noma, kwezinye izinjini eziwucimayo, nge-engeli efanele ukuze oma-electromagnets adale i-torque ohlangothini olulodwa. Ukususwa kokuxhumana okushelelayo kuvumela ama-motor angenamabhulashi ukuthi abe nokungqubuzana okuncane nokuphila isikhathi eside; impilo yawo yokusebenza inqunyelwe kuphela isikhathi sokuphila kwama-bearings awo.
Ama-motor e-DC axutshwe kahle athuthukisa i-torque ephezulu uma engashintshi, ehla ngomugqa njengoba ijubane likhuphuka. Eminye imikhawulo yama-motor axutshwe kahle inganqotshwa ngama-motor angenama-brush; ifaka phakathi ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokuthambekela okuphansi ekugugeni kwemishini. Lezi zinzuzo ziza ngezindleko zama-electronics okulawula angase abe mancane, ayinkimbinkimbi, futhi abizayo.
Injini evamile engenamabhulashi inamagnethi ahlala njalo ajikeleza i-armature engaguquki, esusa izinkinga ezihlobene nokuxhuma ugesi ne-armature ehambayo. Isilawuli se-elekthronikhi sithatha indawo ye-commutator assembly yemoto ye-DC ebhulashiwe, eshintsha njalo isigaba siye kuma-windings ukuze igcine imoto iphenduka. Isilawuli senza ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla okufanayo okunesikhathi ngokusebenzisa isekethe yesimo esiqinile kunesistimu ye-commutator.
Ama-motor angenamabhulashi anikeza izinzuzo eziningana ngaphezu kwama-motor e-DC axutshwe, okuhlanganisa isilinganiso se-torque ephezulu nesisindo, ukusebenza kahle okwandisiwe okukhiqiza i-torque eyengeziwe nge-watt ngayinye, ukuthembeka okwandisiwe, umsindo oncishisiwe, impilo ende ngokuqeda ukuguguleka kwebhulashi kanye ne-commutator, ukususwa kwezinhlansi ze-ionizing ezivela ku-
i-commutator, kanye nokunciphisa ukuphazanyiswa kwe-electromagnetic (EMI). Njengoba kungekho ma-windings ku-rotor, awafakwa emandleni e-centrifugal, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ama-windings asekelwa yi-housing, angapholiswa ngokuqhutshwa komoya, kungadingi ukugeleza komoya ngaphakathi kwe-motor ukuze kuphole. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingxenye zangaphakathi ze-motor zingavalwa ngokuphelele futhi zivikelwe enhlabathini noma kwezinye izinto zangaphandle.
Ukushintshashintsha kwenjini engenamabhulashi kungasetshenziswa kusofthiwe kusetshenziswa i-microcontroller, noma kungasetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa amasekethe e-analog noma edijithali. Ukushintshashintsha nge-elekthronikhi esikhundleni samabhulashi kuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kanye namakhono angatholakali ngama-motor e-DC axutshwe, kufaka phakathi ukukhawulela isivinini, ukusebenza kwe-microstepping ukulawula ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane nokuncane, kanye ne-torque yokubamba lapho ingashintshi. Isofthiwe yokulawula ingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokwenjini ethile esetshenziswa kuhlelo lokusebenza, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokushintshashintsha okukhulu.
Amandla aphezulu angasetshenziswa kumotha ongenamabhulashi anqunyelwe cishe ukushisa kuphela; [inkomba iyadingeka] ukushisa okuningi kakhulu kwenza buthaka omaginethi futhi kuzolimaza ukufudumala kwama-windings.
Uma kuguqulwa ugesi ube amandla omshini, ama-motor angenamabhulashi asebenza kahle kakhulu kunezinjini ezixutshwe kakhulu ngenxa yokungabikho kwamabhulashi, okunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla omshini ngenxa yokungqubuzana. Ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe kukhulu kakhulu ezindaweni ezingenamthwalo kanye nezindawo eziphansi zomjikelezo wokusebenza kwemoto.
Izindawo kanye nezidingo lapho abakhiqizi basebenzisa khona ama-motor e-DC angenamabhulashi zifaka phakathi ukusebenza okungenakulungiswa, isivinini esikhulu, kanye nokusebenza lapho ukuqhuma kwe-spark kuyingozi (okungukuthi izindawo eziqhumayo) noma kungathinta imishini ezwela ngogesi.
Ukwakhiwa kwemoto engenamabhulashi kufana nemoto ye-stepper, kodwa ama-motor anomehluko obalulekile ngenxa yomehluko ekusetshenzisweni nasekusebenzeni. Ngenkathi ama-stepper motor evame ukumiswa ne-rotor isesimweni esichaziwe se-angular, imoto engenamabhulashi ivame ukuhloselwa ukukhiqiza ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo. Zombili izinhlobo zama-motor zingaba nenzwa yesikhundla se-rotor ukuze kutholakale impendulo yangaphakathi. Zombili i-stepper motor kanye nemoto engenamabhulashi eklanywe kahle zingabamba i-torque elinganiselwe ku-zero RPM.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-08-2023