I-5G ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana besizukulwane sesihlanu, obubonakala kakhulu ngobude be-millimeter, ububanzi obukhulu, isivinini esikhulu kakhulu, kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu. I-1G ifinyelele ukuxhumana ngezwi le-analog, futhi umfowabo omdala akanaso isikrini futhi angashaya ucingo kuphela; i-2G ifinyelele ukwenziwa kwedijithali kokuxhumana ngezwi, futhi umshini osebenzayo unesikrini esincane esingathumela imiyalezo; i-3G ifinyelele ukuxhumana kwe-multimedia ngale kwezwi nezithombe, okwenza isikrini sibe sikhulu ukuze kubukwe izithombe; i-4G ifinyelele ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi okusheshayo kwendawo, futhi ama-smartphone amakhulu angabuka amavidiyo amafushane, kodwa isignali inhle ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kanye nezimpofu ezindaweni zasemakhaya. I-1G~4G igxile ekuxhumaneni okulula nokuphumelelayo phakathi kwabantu, kuyilapho i-5G izovumela ukuxhumana kwazo zonke izinto nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, noma kuphi, okuvumela abantu ukuba balindele ukuhlanganyela okuhambisanayo nazo zonke izinto eMhlabeni ngokusakaza bukhoma ngaphandle komehluko wesikhathi.
Ukufika kwenkathi ye-5G kanye nokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe be-Massive MIMO kuholele ngqo ezindleleni ezintathu zokuthuthukiswa kwama-antenna esiteshi se-5G:
1) Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-antenna angasebenzi kuya kuma-antenna asebenzayo;
2) I-Fiber optic replacement feeder;
3) I-RRH (ikhanda elikude le-radio frequency) kanye ne-antenna kuhlanganiswe kancane.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamanethiwekhi okuxhumana aqonde ku-5G, ama-antenna okubonisa (ukwanda kwesikhala se-antenna amaningi), ama-antenna amaningi (ukuqina kwenethiwekhi), kanye nama-antenna amaningi (ukwanda kwe-spectrum) kuzoba izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwe-antenna yesiteshi esiyisisekelo esikhathini esizayo.
Ngokufika kwamanethiwekhi e-5G, izidingo zabaqhubi abakhulu bamanethiwekhi eselula ziyashintsha njalo. Ukuze kufezwe ukumbozwa okugcwele kwenethiwekhi, izinhlobo eziningi zama-antenna okulungisa isiteshi sesisekelo zisetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokuxhumana kweselula. Kuma-antenna amane emvamisa, ukuze kufezwe ukulawula i-angle yayo yokuthambekela phansi kagesi, okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamadivayisi okulawula ukulungiswa kukagesi, okuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yezilawuli ezimbili zokulungisa ugesi zezimoto ezimbili ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, isilawuli sokulungisa ugesi sezimoto ezimbili esinendlela yokushintsha ukudlulisa, kanye nezilawuli ezine zokulungisa ugesi zezimoto ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Kungabonakala ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi esetshenziswayo, ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwama-antenna motors.
Isakhiwo esiyinhloko senjini ye-antenna yokulungisa kagesi yesiteshi esiyisisekelo siwumshini ohlanganisiwe wokunciphisa injini owakhiwe yinjini yokudlulisa kanye nebhokisi lokunciphisa, elinomsebenzi wokulungisa ukusheshisa; Injini yokudlulisa inikeza isivinini sokukhipha kanye nesivinini se-torque ephansi, futhi ibhokisi lokudlulisa lixhunywe kunjini yokudlulisa ukuze kuncishiswe isivinini sokukhipha senjini yokudlulisa ngenkathi kwandiswa i-torque, kufezwe umphumela wokudlulisa ofanele; Ibhokisi lokudlulisa le-antenna yokulungisa kagesi yesiteshi esiyisisekelo livame ukusebenzisa imingcele yezobuchwepheshe yebhokisi lokudlulisa lenjini, amandla, kanye nokusebenza ukuze kuhlangatshezwane kangcono nezici zemvelo ezifana nemvelo, isimo sezulu, umehluko wokushisa, futhi kufezwe umphumela wokudlulisa ofanele kanye nezidingo zokuphila kwenkonzo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-01-2023